Since the beginning of the new century, the rapid development of Internet technology has given birth to various new business forms and models, typical of platform economy, which have profoundly influenced and changed the way of production, way of life and way of social governance of human society. However, while promoting economic and social development, the Internet based on the point-to-point transmission of data has increasingly exposed some difficult problems. The privatized system, which dominates the Internet at present, has many restrictions on data transparency, connectivity and ownership, which have brought a series of problems such as platform monopoly, algorithm abuse and privacy disclosure, which have been widely criticized in recent years, and have become the biggest obstacle to the further development of the digital economy.
BSN believes that there will be a new public layer in the future Internet, which will complement and coexist with the current Internet, namely the private layer, to form a new Internet structure. The role of this new public layer is to establish the foundation and provide the operating environment for the new information architecture of the public IT system.
The so-called public IT system is an IT system and application built in a public environment, which is jointly managed and controlled by multiple parties under the condition of equal data ownership. Public IT systems will revolutionize transparency, interoperability, and privacy as opposed to the private, back-office IT systems controlled by one entity or company that dominate the world today.
BSN’s long-term vision is to promote the formation of the new public layer of the Internet, so that the government, institutions, organizations, enterprises, developers and individual users can realize the value of public IT systems, and then promote the popularization and wide application of public IT systems.
Similar to the establishment of private IT systems, the establishment of public IT systems also requires corresponding operating systems, cloud environments and databases. For the time being, BSN believes that blockchain is currently the most suitable technology as an operating system for public IT systems.
Over the past 4 years, BSN has been working to build the distributed cloud environment needed for public IT systems, and has provided comprehensive support for all types of blockchain and their underlying frameworks.
The technical architecture of BSN can be divided into BSN private network and BSN public network, among which the BSN public network includes the BSN-DDC network used only in China and the BSN Spartan network specially for overseas markets.
On this basis, BSN supports the construction of four types of blockchain nodes, namely alliance chain, open alliance chain, public chain and coin-free public chain. These four types of blockchain form include the chain framework provided by many global manufacturers and projects. In this paper, we will compare and summarize the four types of blockchain supported by BSN and list the compatible frameworks under this type.
01
Chain of alliances
The alliance chain belongs to the license chain, that is, node access needs the permission of the alliance. The alliance chain is usually set up by several parties related to the business, who jointly maintain the general state of the chain (that is, the general ledger), complete the consensus among the collaborators, and all parties can share the data of the general ledger. Alliance chain has the advantages of high data privacy, flexible business logic, controllable cost and so on, so it is the first choice for most enterprises to use blockchain.
However, from the perspective of the current business situation of domestic enterprises, it is difficult to establish a real alliance chain. The so-called alliance chain in China is strictly private chain, only applicable to several partners sharing data in the “private domain”, and one party still has the absolute control. In this way, the advantages of distributed system cannot be fully played, and the data’s immortality, transparency and credibility cannot be achieved. And the ownership of end-user data and other aspects are difficult to revolutionize the business of enterprises.
BSN is compatible with almost all consortium chain development frameworks, such as Hyperledger Fabric, FISCO BCOS, XuperChain, CITA, ConsenSys Quorum, Hyperledger Besu, Corda, etc.
02
Open alliance chain
Open alliance chain is mostly public chain or alliance chain transformation, which can be understood as providing the technical form of public chain with the management system of alliance chain. To transform the public chain into an open alliance chain, the main purpose of its design is to solve the compliance problem of the public chain in China. It is designed for the domestic government, institutions and enterprises to use the blockchain technology similar to the public chain as much as possible under the premise of complete legal compliance. Alliance chain can also be transformed into open alliance chain. The main purpose is to break the limitation that data can only be shared in the private domain when deploying services based on alliance chain, so as to improve the technical credibility of the corresponding businesses of the government, institutions and enterprises.
Open alliance chain uses energy value mechanism similar to public chain, but it is paid in traditional currency, which avoids cost fluctuation caused by public chain using virtual currency. Besides, energy value cannot be withdrawn, and horizontal transfer between different chain accounts is not allowed, thus eliminating speculation and speculation.
Open alliance chain is also a license chain, and its verification node access principle is the same as that of alliance chain. Full node access for services is required to meet the national real-name system requirements. However, the open alliance chain increases the characteristics of openness in the specific operation. The data, tools and network code on the chain are open source and open.
Based on the open alliance chain, BSN has built the BSN-DDC basic network (DDC network) in China. DDC network is a public distributed cloud service network which includes multiple open alliance chains as operating system. It has the core advantages of transparency like public chain, complete legal compliance in China, low use cost, advocating user management of private key, allowing self-construction of node data center, supporting technology diversity, encouraging multi-party joint governance, and creating diversified ecology. Half a year after the DDC network was launched in China, more than 1,400 platforms and enterprises registered, more than 20 million chain accounts were created, more than 3 million official NFT/DDC and more than 30 million platform NFT were generated, and the number of daily chain transactions exceeded that of Ethereum, which has been running for eight years.
Currently, DDC network is compatible with the following open alliance chains:
03
The male chain
Public chain is non-license chain, that is, it can provide a completely open environment and has obvious advantages in terms of openness, transparency, data interconnection and interoperability. However, the public chain system is specially designed for virtual currency, and it is still a special platform for virtual currency, a specific application service. The ecology and application system on it basically run around virtual currency.
Due to the violent price fluctuations of virtual currencies and the legitimacy of virtual currencies in some countries and regions, IT has brought a series of risks to enterprises in terms of cost, accounting and compliance. So far, there are basically no IT business scenarios of mainstream traditional enterprises on the common public chain.
In the BSN enterprise network environment, it is compatible with more than 10 kinds of public chain development frameworks, and can deploy corresponding multi-chain nodes in the BSN enterprise network environment. In accordance with domestic regulatory requirements, BSN private network products only provide the deployment capability of public chain nodes for overseas customers, and do not involve any specific services. The deployment strictly complies with the compliance requirements of the corresponding region.
Bsn-compatible public chain frameworks include Ethereum, EOS, Polkadot, Oasis, Near, Klaytn, and others.
04
No coin public chain
Despite many problems, the advantages of public chain technology are being recognized by more and more traditional IT companies. Therefore, BSN launched the “coin-free public chain” network, aiming at making public chain technology go beyond the single field of virtual currency and serve more industries, enterprises and business models. The so-called coinless public chain is to remove virtual currency from Layer1 and make users use legal currency to purchase Gas computing power. The purchased computing power can only be consumed and cannot be transferred, thus eliminating any space for speculation.
The coin-free public chain maintains the technical form and characteristics of the public chain, but without the element of virtual currency, its network distributed governance, the access of service nodes is consistent with that of the public chain, and the characteristics of anonymity, open source and openness are maintained.
On September 6, 2022, BSN released Spartan network overseas, a public distributed cloud service network designed to meet the needs of mainstream traditional enterprises for distributed applications. With multiple coin-free public chains as the operating system, the network currently integrates three coin-free public chains, namely, Coin-less Ethereum, coin-less COSMOS and coin-less Polygon Edge have all been transformed into coin-less public chains by corresponding technology providers, which are identical with the original public chains except coin-less.
Anyone can establish a data center anonymously on the BSN Spartan network, and data center operators can establish their own independent gateway through the deployment of corresponding software, the establishment of back-end management system and front-end portal management system. Based on these functions, data center operators can have a high degree of autonomy and can provide technical services to users independently. Can establish an independent business system, or on the basis of their own original business to open up a new line of business. BSN Spartan is only for overseas markets, and domestic IP addresses cannot access the network.
Currently, the coin-free public chain integrated by BSN Spartan network is as follows:
05
According to BSN, IT is still in the very early stage for the new public layer of the Internet, the public IT system and the blockchain technology. In the future, with the practice of the new public layer and the implementation of the public IT system, blockchain, a technology originally designed for creating and trading virtual currencies, will continue to evolve and eventually develop into a form that can better serve the public IT system. The new generation of information technology represented by these innovative ideas, architectures and technologies will further drive the innovation of products, services, processes, organizations and business models and become a new engine leading the global economy.
